Chapter 4: The Evolution of Metazoans

Review Questions for Chapter 4

Proterozoic Protists

• Old Eukaryote Fossils known as Acritarchs

Evolving Metazoans from Protists

• Overview of Choanoflagellates, Close Relatives of Metazoans
• Image of Sponge Spicules or Here
• Introduction to Metazoans

Evolution and Development (Evo Devo) and Hox Genes in Metazoans

• Wikipedia on Evolution, Evo Devo, and Hox Genes

The Variety of Metazoans

• Wikipedia on Tree of Life and Phylogenetics
• Links to Zoology Resources (outdated)
• Metazoan Links (outdated)
• Andrew Knoll's Lab Home Page or Excellent Recent Article he Co-authored
• Thorough American Scientist Article on the Origin of Animal Body Plans
  

Snowball or Slushball Earth

• Animation of Continental Drift from 750 to 540 Mya
• Evidence for a Massive Precambrian Ice Age (700 Ma)
• A Recent Update on the Snowball Earth Hypothesis
• Snowball Fight: Article on the Erupting Controversial Snowball Earth Hypothesis

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