Chapter 13: The Evolution of Flight

Review Questions for Chapter 13

Introduction

• UC Berkeley's Introduction to the Vertebrate Flight
• Flapping Flight Website

First Fliers

• Ohio State University's Weed Seed Ecology Program
• Smithsonian's Lesson Plans for How Things Fly

Flight in Insects

• The Development of Insect Flight
• Scientific American Article on Insect Flight
• BugInfo's Insect Flight
• Odor Guided Flight in Moths

Animation Courtesy of © 1996 The American Museum of Natural History

Parachuting Vertebrates

• Newly discovered (2016) Triassic long-necked gliding reptile, Ozimek volans
• Legend of the Meeps Island Flying Frog
• Overview of Gliding and Parachuting Vertebrates
• The Permian Gliding Lepidosaur, Coelurosauravus (Seel-oo-ro-saur-a-vus)
• The Late Triassic Gliding Lepidosaur, Kuehneosaurus
• The Late Triassic Gliding Lepidosaur, Icarosaurus was for Sale but is Home to Roost at the American Museum or Here
• Living Lizard Glider Draco
• The Late Triassic Gliding Lepidosaur, Sharovipteryx or a
  More Extensive Site by Son of Alexander Sharov, Discover of Sharovipteryx and Longisquama
• The Late Triassic Gliding Lepidosaur, Longisquama
  
  
  
  Visit the Source of Image of Kuehneosaurus (Left) at What is a dragon? Website
  and Image of Longisquama (Right) at The Russian Dinosaur Exposition Website

Animation Courtesy of The Pterosaur Home Page

Pterosaurs

• Introduction to Pterosaurs
• Pterosaur FAQs Website
• Pterosaurian Flight
• Lockley's Hypothesis on How Pterosaurs Walked
• Brief Summary of Facts on Pteranodon
• Introduction to Pteranodon

Visit the Source of this Image of Archaeopteryx
at The Dinosaur Art of Joe Tucciarone Website

Birds

• The Earliest Known Bird: Archaeopteryx
• All About Archaeopteryx
• A Recent Inexpensive Book with Great Reviews:
  Taking Wing: Archaeopteryx and the Evolution of Bird Flight at
  
• American Museum's Feature on The Proof is in the Plumage
• Known Archaeopteryx Fossils are from Solnhofen Limestones
• Confuciusornis ("Confucius bird") Flew in China 120 Ma.
• Fossil Record of Birds
  
  
  Visit the Source of this Image of Bambiraptor
  © 2000 David Burnham and the University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum

• Bambiraptor: A Recently (1995) Discovered 72 Ma Bird-like Therapod Dinosaur from Montana
• National Geographic's 1999 Report on Archaeoraptor is Revealed to be a Hoax!
• The Outstanding Recent Book
  The Mistaken Extinction: Dinosaur Evolution and the Origin of Birds at
  
• Hypotheses for the Origin of Flight
• Models of Early Vertebrate Fliers (In German)
• John Ostrom's Recent Discovery of 120 Mya Feathered Dinosaurs in China
• More on Feathered Dinosaurs or Here or View Feathers
• Four-winged Dinosaur Discovered: Microraptor gui or Here or Here
• John Ostrom's Home Page
• Expert on Saurian Cladistics: Jacques Gauthier
• Interview with Mark Norrell, Co-Discoverer of Mononychus
• Fossil Hunting in the Flaming Cliffs of the Mongolian Gobi Desert
• Read the Fascinating Narrative on the First American Expeditions to the Gobi in Nearly 70 Years by Expedition Leader, Michael Novacek:
  
  Dinosaurs of the Flaming Cliffs at
  
  
• Links on Dinosaur-Bird Links
• An Early Cretaceous Flying Bird: Nanantius eos
• Large (2 m) Flightless Seabird Hesperornis regalis Swam Underwater to Catch Fish (Paleo-Art Copyrighted by Dan Varner)
• Diatryma: Giant Flightless Eocene Bird Filling Predatory Role Vacated by Dinosaurs
• Searching for Titanus walleri, a Giant Phorusrhacid Flightless Killer Bird from Florida (2 Mya)
• The Legendary Giant Bird Roc was Probably an Elephant Bird
• Extinct Birds and their Eggs
• Size Comparison of Elephant Bird and Ostrich Eggs
• Boy Holding Elephant Bird Egg
• Giant Flying Bird: Merriam's Teratorn, at the Page Museum of the La Brea Tar Pits

Visit the Source of this Image of Flying Bat at
at Museum of Southwestern Biology Division of Mammals Website

Bats

• Bat Conservation International Website
• Bat Facts and Amazing Trivia
• Tree of Life Website on Bats

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