DQ12.1 Distinguish three basic categories of errors potentially introduced when a genome gets copied during cell division, whether  a simple microbe or a eukaryote.

DQ12.2 Could you complete a matching question successfully for the terms related to mutations that are in bold on pp. 326 and 328?

DQ12.3 Explain the blue/red/purple patterns in Figs. 12.4 to 12.6.

DQ12.4 Explain how base tautomerization can cause a transition (p. 328, Fig. 12.8).

DQ12.5 Explain how slip-strand mispairing can cause an indel (p. 330, Fig. 12.9).

DQ12.6 What sorts of chromosomal mutations can occur due to breaks in DNA strands?

DQ12.7 Explain why in most organisms the mutation rate is much lower than the rate of base damage of DNA polymerase in vitro. In your answer,  briefly cover mechanisms of protection, prevention, and correction.

DQ12.8 Contrast an ectopic recombination event with the basic mechanism of normal homologous recombination (Fig. 12.18A). How does this lead to concerted evolution in high copy number gene such as a ribosomal RNA gene cluster?

DQ12.9 Characterize mutations caused by transposition.

DQ12.10 Explain how the experiment in Fig. 12.21 demonstrates that mutation and selection are separate processes. How did Salvador Luria extend this test (Fig. 12.22)?

DQ12.11 Why are transitions usually more common than transversions? Why are SSM mutations more common in genome regions with base runs or simple repeated patterns?

DQ12.12 Distinguish recombination due to cross-over from recombination due to segregation.