DQ11.1 Describe the meaning of colinearity of gene expression with respect to the case of Drosophila Hox genes.

DQ11.2 How did Ed Lewis' study of flies with mutant Ubx genes help characterize their role in development?

DQ11.3 Compare and contrast the case of the Antp mutant fly (Fig. 11.4-bottom) with the mutant fly in the last question.

DQ11.4 Relate the two amino acid sequence alignments of orthologous gene regions in Figure 11.5A to the schematic bar in Figure 11.2. How do the yellow- and red-highlighted alignment sites relate to Figure 11.5B?

DQ11.5 Briefly explain how the vertebrate Hox gene complex differs from the fly (arthropod) case in terms of events summarized by the black bars on the tree in Figure 11.6.

DQ11.6 Contrast the expression of Ubx in a fly (dipteran) with that of a butterfly (lepidopteran), placing the differences into the context of events placed on a phylogenetic hypothesis, also incorporating unique expression patterns in dipterans and lepidopterans relative to other insects (see Fig. 11.12).

DQ11.7 What is the impact of removing the expression of abd-A, Ubx, or both on the development of the first abdominal segment of the beetle, Tribolium castaneum? How does this change if the Ubx gene from a velvet worm (onycophoran) or a brine shrimp (the crustacean, Artemia) is substituted for the beetle's Ubx gene?

DQ11.8 Avoiding specific cases, summarize the general relationship between crustacean appendage diversity and homeotic gene expression.

DQ11.9 Briefly summarize what is known about the genetic basis of morphological evolution of the three-spine sticklebacks in Lake Paxton, British Columbia, within the last 15,000 years.

DQ11.10 Briefly summarize the underlying genetic basis that was involved in the transformation of native teosinte into modern corn.