Chapter 4: The Evolution of Animals

Source of Image

Review Questions for Chapter 4

Proterozoic Protists

• Old Eukaryote Fossils known as Acritarchs
• Andrew Knoll's Home Page or Excellent Recent Article he Co-authored

How to Build Animals

• Introduction to Metazoans
• Biology 404 Links to Zoology Resources
• Biology 404 Links to Metazoan Links
  
• Overview of Choanoflagellates, Close Relatives of Metazoans
• Image of Sponge Spicules or Here

Late Proterozoic Animals

• Approximate Age of Oldest Animal Fossils
• Odd Precambrian Multicellular Soft-bodied Animals of the Vendian Biota (or Ediacara Fauna) (600 to 540 My)
• Guy Narbonne's Guide to Ediacaran Fossils From Canada and Elsewhere
• Thorough American Scientist Article on the Origin of Animal Body Plans
• Article on the Recently Discovered Ancient Eumetazoan Fossils
• Speculated Causes of the Vendian Extinctions
• Animation of Continental Drift from 750 to 540 Mya
• Evidence for a Massive Precambrian Ice Age (700 Ma)
• A Recent Update on the Snowball Earth Hypothesis
• Did a Snowball Earth Lead to the Cambrian Explosion?: Dr. Cowen Provides Counter-Arguments
• Want to Attend University of Ediacara?

The Evolution of Skeletons

• Tommotian Stage of Cambrian (530 Ma)
• Cambrian Stratigraphy
• Chart of First Appearances by Age and Phylum

The Cambrian Event and Burgess Shale Animals

• Pam Gore's Lecture Notes on Precambrian/Cambrian Transition
• Niranjala Kottachchi's Excellent Burgess Shale Hidden Treasure Website
• Burgess Shale Animal Fossils
• Another Web Page Devoted to Burgess Shale Animal Fossils
• Burgess Shale Fossil Sampler
• Yoho Burgess Shale Foundation Website
• Royal Tyrrell Museum's Burgess Shale On-line Exhibit
• Photographs of Burgess Shale Fossils
• Information about Yoho National Park in Alberta, Canada
• "Rock Star" Profile on Charles Walcott, Discoverer of Burgess Shale
• Hooper Virtual Natural History Museum Burgess Shale Site
• Reconstruction of Burgess Shale Environment
• Burgess Shale Web Site with Animated Anomalocaris
• Field Images of the Chengjiang Deposits of China
• Dr. Jere Lipps Interview on the First Animals
• The Oldest Known Fossil Chordate (535 My)
• Mass Extinction at the End of Cambrian Period
• Time magazine article "When Life Exploded" and Figures Here
• Reviews of Stephen Jay Gould's Book, Wonderful Life, by Peter Bowler, and Stephen Bespalko
• More Wonderful Life Reviews
  or Read Simon Conway Morris' First Chapter of His Response to Gould,
  The Crucible of Creation : The Burgess Shale and the Rise of Animals, or
  Read Reviews of Derek Briggs et al. The Fossils of the Burgess Shale, all at
  
  
• Another Review of Conway Morris' Book Crucible of Creation..., by Carolyn Dane
• Animation of Continental Drift during Paleozoic Era from 540 to 225 Mya
• Don't Forget to Visit Dr. Cowen's Chapter 4 Web links

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