1.  www.algaebase.org
2.  www.saveourshores.org
3.  www.mcsuk.org
4.  www.mbyaq.org
5.  www.coastkeeper.org
6.  www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us
7.  Levington, J. S.  2001.  Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, 8.  Ecology.  New York, Oxford.  Oxford University Press.
9.  Reish, D. J.  1972.  Marine Life of Southern California     Emphasizing Marine Life of Los Angeles-Orange Counties, Second 11.  Edition.  Kendell/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa.  pg.160
10.  Abbot I.A. & Hollenburg G.J.  1976.  Marine Algae of California.  Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.  p.257.
11.  North, W.J.  The Biology og Giant Kelp Beds (Macrocystis pyrifera_ in California.  ZoBell, C.E.  Factors affecting drift seaweeds on some San Diego beaches.  pg421.