Early tetrapods (especially amphibians)

ray-fins

fleshy-fins (muscles in lateral fins)

coelocanths

Choanata (choana: nasal-> pharnyx)

lungfish

Tetrapoda (have 4 limbs)

Amphibia

caecillians

Batrachia

salamanders

frogs and toads

Amniota (have amniotic egg)

Reptilia (or Sauropsida)

Mammalia

Bony fishes - ray-fin and lobe-fin clades

ray-fins include teleosts (most vertebrates, 96% of fishes)

lobe-fins include coelocanths, lungfish, and tetrapods

Important fossil tetrapods

- Ichthyostega, Acanthostega

What are tetrapod features and how do they reflect life on land?

Describe 3 types of respiration in a salamander.

What is paedomorphosis? Example: the axolotl

(lecture notes not included here)

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