http://biology.fullerton.edu/biol261
RQs:
Ch. 17: 321-348; RQ-17: 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13
Ch. 18: 350-357, 366-368; RQ-18: 1, 5-6, 8, 12
Ch. 19 (All); RQ-19: 1-6, 9
Ch. 20: 384-392, 399-403; RQ-20: 1, 4-9
Ch. 21: 404-421, 426-429; RQ-21: 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 18
Ch. 32: Skim
Protostomes: Figs. 7-8, 7-10, 10-13, 11-13
Homeotic Genes: Figs. 7-17, 7-18
Skeletons: Figs. 32-4, 32-8
Cladograms/Classifications:
Molluscs (Fig. 17-42)
Annelids (none - covered polychaetes only)
Arthropods (Hand-out classification)
Chelicerates/Myriapods (not covered)
Crustaceans (Fig. 20-30)
Insects (Fig. 21-37)
Basic Molluscan Features:
radula
mantle
mantle cavity
ctenidium
foot
coiling vs. torsion
Mollusc subgroups:
"aplacophorans" - know that some molluscs lack shells
Polyplacophora (chitons) - bilaterally symmetrical, 8 shells, repeated gills, trochophore larva
Conchifera (incl. snails, clams, squids, etc.)
Gastropods (snails, slugs) - torsion, veliger larva
Cephalopods - (squids, Nautilus) - predators, large head, siphuncle
Bivalves - (clams, etc.) - no head, most feed with gills (ctenidia)
positive/negative aspects of molluscs
visceral mass (gut, blood, gonads)
blood pigments - hemocyanin
spiral cleavage (as in annelids, some flatworms)
serial repetition (ancestral or derived?)
conchiferans
- single shell, discrete shell gland
- periostracum
- prismatic and nacreous shell layers
- mantle margin with three folds
Gastropods (> 50,000 species)
- trends in gill reduction, loss, replacement (lung in pulmonates)
- sanitation designs
- torsion coiling
- uncoiled shell would be top-heavy
polychaete ("setae") annelids ("rings")
clitellate annelids not covered (earthworms, leeches)
crawlers: Nereis (Fig. 18-3, 18-7)
crawlers use setae on ventral parapodia
what are aciculae?
what are dorsal parapodia used for?
how does Nereis eat?
where are its gametes, blood cells?
what is a mesentery?
what is prostomium? peristomium? pygidium?
burrowers:
Amphitrite (Fig. 18-4) and Arenicola (18-5)
earthworm (p. 634)
compare locomotion to crawlers
tube-builders: Sabella (Fig. 18-10)
sanitation problem of living in tube
compare feeding with burrowers?
suspension vs. detritus feeders
Arthropods, Diversity
General Terms
- exoskeleton, cuticle layers, molting
- segmentation (contrast annelids), tagmatization
- know underlined groups on hand-out
- know the basic body plan of four groups:
chelicerates, myriapods, crustaceans, and insects
- how are chelicerates (and trilobites) different in their mouthparts?
- why are arthropods so diverse and abundant?
- advantages/disadvantages of exoskeleton
- what secretes cuticle? what are the layers?
procuticle - (exocuticle/endocuticle)
epicuticle
- molting/ ecdysis/ ecdysone / juvenile hormone
(pp. 391-392)
- specialized segments (tagma)/appendages
- limbs as levers, rapid striated muscles
- sensory hairs
- feeding/locomotion
- trachea on land
- compound eyes
- antennae (sensory), mandibles (masticatory), maxillae (food handling)
- "caridoid facies" of malacostracan crustaceans
- cuticle, ecdysis, ecdysone, juvenile hormone
- compare lobster vs. moth molting (pp. 391, 419)
- who has: nauplius larva? cyprid larva? zoea larva?
- name a maxillopod relative of a barnacle
- be familiar with underlined crustacean names
- can you draw a cladogram of selected names?
- how are remipedes and cephalocarids noteworthy?
- can you name a branchiopod? a maxillopod?
- name three groups of malacostracans
- does an arthropod have a coelom?
- does it have blood pigments?
- what are major groups of land arthropods?
- which groups have the most species?
- which insect "orders" are most speciose?
- what factors contribute to being speciose?
- what common insect body parts do
bristletails and springtails lack?
- why are these missing?
- contrast hemi- and holometabolous development
- give some examples of each
- who has internal wing pads as larvae?
- which insects account for the most insect biomass?
- what are the three body regions of an insect?
- what structures are found on the head?
- give some examples of different insect mouthparts
- how are antennae used?
- what paired structures are found on the thorax?
- give examples of wing modification
- what structures are found at the abdomen?
- how do insects respire?
- how do they control the openings to the outside?
- what are malpighian tubules? sensilla?
- how do insects sing? attract mates? exchange gametes?
- what are instars? nymphs?
- contrast brain, molting, and juvenile hormones
- name different types of skeletons
- which types behave in similar manners?
- how does size affect support?
- contrast micro- and macroorganisms locomotion
- what are the consequences of living in low Re
- give an example of the consequences of
surface area to volume considerations
- why do elephants have thick legs?