Chapter 19 - Crustaceans

Notes for Chapter 19:
Aquatic Mandibulates (Crustaceans)

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or back to Chapter 18
or ahead to Chapter 20

Chapter 19 Assignment: 389-399, 406-409; RQ-19: 1, 4-9
Next: Ch. 20: 411-427, 432-437; RQ-20: 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 18

Introduction: "Insects" of the Sea

Source of Image

Featured organism: Copepod

More Links: 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11
Images: 1 - 2 - 3

I. Crustacea
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Features of Crustaceans
terms: nauplius larva, exoskeleton, molting, copepodite, zoea,
and megalops larval stages

Crustacea

mandibulates
have 2 prs. antennae and maxillae
most appendages biramous
marine, freshwater, terrestrial
40,000+ species
two pairs of antennae

External:

extensive modification of appendages

Internal:

hemocoel: blood-filled body space (replaces coelom)
respiration: body surface or gills
circulation: open (sinuses replace capillaries)
dorsal heart w/ostia
hemocyanin (copper) or hemoglobin (iron)
excretion: antennal (or green) glands
reabsorbs salts, amino acids, water
excretes ammonia (contrast with terrestrial arthropods)
nerves: similar to annelids (paired ventral nerve cord, etc.)
sensory system: statocysts sensory hairs,
compound eyes (ommatidia are the individual elements)
reproduction, growth, and stuff generally dioecious (separate sexes)
(except barnacles and ostracods)
metamorphosis from nauplius, zoeal, cyprid types of larvae
naplius larval type is especially widespread
growth by ecdysis (molting)
molting: allows for growth, sex, etc.
molting is hormonally controlled: x-organ (inhibitor), y-organ (promoter)
feeding: mandibles, maxillae, maxillipeds

II. A Brief Survey of Crustaceans

Get to know underlined groups on hand-out Arthropod classification

Crabs, Shrimps, Lobsters, and Their Relatives

terms: carapace

        Featured Organism: Sand crabs (Emerita analoga)
        Featured organism: crab, Cancer productus
        Featured Organism: Jonah crab (Cancer borealis)
        Featured Organism: ghost shrimp
        Featured Organism: Copepod
        Featured organism: Barnacle
        Featured organism: Cladoceran (water fleas)

1) Copepods are central to ocean food webs.

        2) Life cycles reveal that all barnacles are crustaceans - and
            some parasites are barnacles.

        terms: hermaphroditic, nauplius to cypris larval stages

III. Phylogeny and Adaptive Radiation
More Links: 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5

Click link to return to Lecture Schedule
or back to Chapter 18
or ahead to Chapter 20